Scotland's International Trade

Exports:
In 2011, the total value of international exports was approximately €23.9 billion, of which €14.7 is from manufacturing and €7.7 is from services and excludes oil and gas. The top export destinations are the USA, Netherlands, France, Germany, and Belgium. The top exporting industries include food & beverages, manufacturing of coke, refined petroleum and chemical products, manufacturing of computer, electronic and optical products, financial and insurance activities and manufacturing of machinery and equipment. In 2012, the total export sales due to manufacturing grew by 0.8 per cent, but the volume fell by 0.8 per cent.

Imports:
         Scotland imports food and live animals, beverages and tobacco, crude materials, mineral fuels, animal and vegetable oils, chemicals,machinery and transports, manufactured goods and other miscellaneous manufactured items and commodities. Scotland imports mostly from the European Union, North America, Asia and Oceania and Western Europe. Approximately the total imported is 2,600. There has been an increase in imports of petroleum and petroleum products.

Exchange rate
  1 British Pound Sterling = 1.54 U.S. dollars
The exchange rate has been fluctuating since 2009. See graph below of the currency rate vs the year. The rate appears to be stabilizing between 1.25 and 2.

Immigration/Emigration
        Based on Scotland's 2001 census, the total immigration was 92,369. Approximately 15% of the total migrated to Glasgow, 12% migrated to Edinburgh and 6% migrated to Aberdeen. Most migrate from Germany, the Middle East, the United States and Australia. The total out migration was 92, 369. Approximately 13% of the total migrated from Glasgow, 11% migrated from Edinburgh and 6% migrated from Aberdeen.

Relations with other countries

       Scotland is a part of the United Kingdom, so they reap the benefits such as diplomacy, culture, trade and defense. Scotland independently handles foreign and diplomatic affairs. Being a part of the U.K., Scotland is also a part of NATO. Overall, Scotland has a good relationship with most countries. They have not been a major player in any war or conflict recently.